See bere in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bear"
},
"expansion": "English: bear",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bear (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "beir"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: beir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: beir"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bear",
"3": "beir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bear, beir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bear, beir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"5": "*ǵʰwer-",
"id": "brown",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bera"
},
"expansion": "Old English bera",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*berô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *berô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bera, *beora, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bier",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beere",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "beor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "buere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bere (plural beres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 0 21 8 1 1 11 3 16 2 1 2 1 25 1 1 1 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 33 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 34 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Carnivores",
"orig": "enm:Carnivores",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 20 27 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Constellations",
"orig": "enm:Constellations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 23 28 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grasses",
"orig": "enm:Grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 16 23 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bear (mammal of the family Ursidae)"
],
"id": "en-bere-enm-noun-m7TY-e1P",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"Ursidae",
"Ursidae#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 28 33 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 34 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 23 28 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grasses",
"orig": "enm:Grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Big Dipper or Little Dipper"
],
"id": "en-bere-enm-noun-4F1RlGKC",
"links": [
[
"Big Dipper",
"Big Dipper"
],
[
"Little Dipper",
"Little Dipper"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbæːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "bere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bere",
"3": "bear",
"id1": "barley",
"id2": "barley"
},
"expansion": "English: bere, bear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bere, bear"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "bere",
"3": "beir",
"4": "bair",
"5": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: bere, beir, bair, bear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: bere, beir, bair, bear"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bear",
"3": "bere"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bear, bere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bear, bere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "barley"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*baraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baraz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English bere, from Proto-West Germanic *barī, from Proto-Germanic *baraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bere (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 0 21 7 1 1 9 5 12 3 1 3 1 20 1 2 1 4 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 19 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 0 21 8 1 1 11 3 16 2 1 2 1 25 1 1 1 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 33 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 34 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 34 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 23 28 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grasses",
"orig": "enm:Grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berebynde"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barley (Hordeum vulgare or its grain)"
],
"id": "en-bere-enm-noun-xmh1Plgk",
"links": [
[
"barley",
"barley"
],
[
"Hordeum vulgare",
"Hordeum vulgare#Translingual"
],
[
"grain",
"grain#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbæːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "bere"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "berja",
"t": "to strike"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse berja (“to strike”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Old Norse berja (“to strike”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 28 33 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 34 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 23 28 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grasses",
"orig": "enm:Grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Then I pray thee, tomorrow with a spear\nThat Arcite stab me through the heart.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 2255-2256",
"roman": "That Arcita me thurgh the herte bere.",
"text": "[...] Than preye I thee, to-morwe with a spere",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce."
],
"id": "en-bere-enm-verb-PErX9u3e",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pierce."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "bere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (brown)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Carnivores",
"enm:Constellations",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Grasses",
"enm:Mammals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bear"
},
"expansion": "English: bear",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bear (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "beir"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: beir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: beir"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bear",
"3": "beir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bear, beir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bear, beir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"5": "*ǵʰwer-",
"id": "brown",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bera"
},
"expansion": "Old English bera",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*berô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *berô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bera, *beora, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bier",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beere",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "beor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "buere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bere (plural beres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bear (mammal of the family Ursidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"Ursidae",
"Ursidae#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Big Dipper or Little Dipper"
],
"links": [
[
"Big Dipper",
"Big Dipper"
],
[
"Little Dipper",
"Little Dipper"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbæːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "bere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Carnivores",
"enm:Constellations",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Grasses",
"enm:Mammals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berebynde"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bere",
"3": "bear",
"id1": "barley",
"id2": "barley"
},
"expansion": "English: bere, bear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bere, bear"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "bere",
"3": "beir",
"4": "bair",
"5": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: bere, beir, bair, bear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: bere, beir, bair, bear"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bear",
"3": "bere"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bear, bere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bear, bere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "barley"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*baraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baraz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English bere, from Proto-West Germanic *barī, from Proto-Germanic *baraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bere (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"barley (Hordeum vulgare or its grain)"
],
"links": [
[
"barley",
"barley"
],
[
"Hordeum vulgare",
"Hordeum vulgare#Translingual"
],
[
"grain",
"grain#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbæːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "bere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Carnivores",
"enm:Constellations",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Grasses",
"enm:Mammals"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "berja",
"t": "to strike"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse berja (“to strike”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Old Norse berja (“to strike”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Then I pray thee, tomorrow with a spear\nThat Arcite stab me through the heart.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 2255-2256",
"roman": "That Arcita me thurgh the herte bere.",
"text": "[...] Than preye I thee, to-morwe with a spere",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce."
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pierce."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "bere"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bere meaning in Middle English (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.